Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-16 (of 16 Records) |
Query Trace: Janusz K[original query] |
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Projected risks and health benefits of vaccination against herpes zoster and related complications in US adults
Janusz CB , Anderson TC , Leidner AJ , Lee GM , Dooling K , Prosser LA . Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022 18 (5) 1-5 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) to prevent against herpes zoster (HZ) and related complications in immunocompetent adults ≥50 y and immunocompromised adults ≥19 y. In 2019, a statistical safety signal for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following RZV was identified using data from the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). Subsequently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and collaborators undertook additional analyses using Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare data to further investigate the potential risk of GBS following RZV. Concurrently, epidemiologic data suggested a potentially elevated risk of GBS following HZ in U.S. adults. Using data from these sources and a published simulation model, this study evaluated the health benefits and risks associated with vaccinating immunocompetent adults ≥50 y with RZV compared to no vaccination. In the base case analysis, RZV vaccination averted 43,000-63,000 cases of HZ, including GBS complications, per million vaccinated per 10-y age cohort compared to 3-6 additional cases of GBS projected following RZV per million vaccinated in the same population. This analysis highlights the projected health benefits of RZV vaccination compared to the relatively low potential risk of GBS following RZV. |
2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.
Kuhn JH , Adkins S , Alioto D , Alkhovsky SV , Amarasinghe GK , Anthony SJ , Avšič-Županc T , Ayllón MA , Bahl J , Balkema-Buschmann A , Ballinger MJ , Bartonička T , Basler C , Bavari S , Beer M , Bente DA , Bergeron É , Bird BH , Blair C , Blasdell KR , Bradfute SB , Breyta R , Briese T , Brown PA , Buchholz UJ , Buchmeier MJ , Bukreyev A , Burt F , Buzkan N , Calisher CH , Cao M , Casas I , Chamberlain J , Chandran K , Charrel RN , Chen B , Chiumenti M , Choi IR , Clegg JCS , Crozier I , da Graça JV , Dal Bó E , Dávila AMR , de la Torre JC , de Lamballerie X , de Swart RL , Di Bello PL , Di Paola N , Di Serio F , Dietzgen RG , Digiaro M , Dolja VV , Dolnik O , Drebot MA , Drexler JF , Dürrwald R , Dufkova L , Dundon WG , Duprex WP , Dye JM , Easton AJ , Ebihara H , Elbeaino T , Ergünay K , Fernandes J , Fooks AR , Formenty PBH , Forth LF , Fouchier RAM , Freitas-Astúa J , Gago-Zachert S , Gāo GF , García ML , García-Sastre A , Garrison AR , Gbakima A , Goldstein T , Gonzalez JJ , Griffiths A , Groschup MH , Günther S , Guterres A , Hall RA , Hammond J , Hassan M , Hepojoki J , Hepojoki S , Hetzel U , Hewson R , Hoffmann B , Hongo S , Höper D , Horie M , Hughes HR , Hyndman TH , Jambai A , Jardim R , Jiāng D , Jin Q , Jonson GB , Junglen S , Karadağ S , Keller KE , Klempa B , Klingström J , Kobinger G , Kondō H , Koonin EV , Krupovic M , Kurath G , Kuzmin IV , Laenen L , Lamb RA , Lambert AJ , Langevin SL , Lee B , Lemos ERS , Leroy EM , Li D , Lǐ J , Liang M , Liú W , Liú Y , Lukashevich IS , Maes P , Marciel de Souza W , Marklewitz M , Marshall SH , Martelli GP , Martin RR , Marzano SL , Massart S , McCauley JW , Mielke-Ehret N , Minafra A , Minutolo M , Mirazimi A , Mühlbach HP , Mühlberger E , Naidu R , Natsuaki T , Navarro B , Navarro JA , Netesov SV , Neumann G , Nowotny N , Nunes MRT , Nylund A , Økland AL , Oliveira RC , Palacios G , Pallas V , Pályi B , Papa A , Parrish CR , Pauvolid-Corrêa A , Pawęska JT , Payne S , Pérez DR , Pfaff F , Radoshitzky SR , Rahman AU , Ramos-González PL , Resende RO , Reyes CA , Rima BK , Romanowski V , Robles Luna G , Rota P , Rubbenstroth D , Runstadler JA , Ruzek D , Sabanadzovic S , Salát J , Sall AA , Salvato MS , Sarpkaya K , Sasaya T , Schwemmle M , Shabbir MZ , Shí X , Shí Z , Shirako Y , Simmonds P , Širmarová J , Sironi M , Smither S , Smura T , Song JW , Spann KM , Spengler JR , Stenglein MD , Stone DM , Straková P , Takada A , Tesh RB , Thornburg NJ , Tomonaga K , Tordo N , Towner JS , Turina M , Tzanetakis I , Ulrich RG , Vaira AM , van den Hoogen B , Varsani A , Vasilakis N , Verbeek M , Wahl V , Walker PJ , Wang H , Wang J , Wang X , Wang LF , Wèi T , Wells H , Whitfield AE , Williams JV , Wolf YI , Wú Z , Yang X , Yáng X , Yu X , Yutin N , Zerbini FM , Zhang T , Zhang YZ , Zhou G , Zhou X . Arch Virol 2020 165 (12) 3023-3072 In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV. |
Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019.
Amarasinghe GK , Ayllon MA , Bao Y , Basler CF , Bavari S , Blasdell KR , Briese T , Brown PA , Bukreyev A , Balkema-Buschmann A , Buchholz UJ , Chabi-Jesus C , Chandran K , Chiapponi C , Crozier I , de Swart RL , Dietzgen RG , Dolnik O , Drexler JF , Durrwald R , Dundon WG , Duprex WP , Dye JM , Easton AJ , Fooks AR , Formenty PBH , Fouchier RAM , Freitas-Astua J , Griffiths A , Hewson R , Horie M , Hyndman TH , Jiang D , Kitajima EW , Kobinger GP , Kondo H , Kurath G , Kuzmin IV , Lamb RA , Lavazza A , Lee B , Lelli D , Leroy EM , Li J , Maes P , Marzano SL , Moreno A , Muhlberger E , Netesov SV , Nowotny N , Nylund A , Okland AL , Palacios G , Palyi B , Paweska JT , Payne SL , Prosperi A , Ramos-Gonzalez PL , Rima BK , Rota P , Rubbenstroth D , Shi M , Simmonds P , Smither SJ , Sozzi E , Spann K , Stenglein MD , Stone DM , Takada A , Tesh RB , Tomonaga K , Tordo N , Towner JS , van den Hoogen B , Vasilakis N , Wahl V , Walker PJ , Wang LF , Whitfield AE , Williams JV , Zerbini FM , Zhang T , Zhang YZ , Kuhn JH . Arch Virol 2019 164 (7) 1967-1980 In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the addition of four new subfamilies and 12 new genera and the creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). |
Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019.
Abudurexiti A , Adkins S , Alioto D , Alkhovsky SV , Avsic-Zupanc T , Ballinger MJ , Bente DA , Beer M , Bergeron E , Blair CD , Briese T , Buchmeier MJ , Burt FJ , Calisher CH , Chang C , Charrel RN , Choi IR , Clegg JCS , de la Torre JC , de Lamballerie X , Deng F , Di Serio F , Digiaro M , Drebot MA , Duan X , Ebihara H , Elbeaino T , Ergunay K , Fulhorst CF , Garrison AR , Gao GF , Gonzalez JJ , Groschup MH , Gunther S , Haenni AL , Hall RA , Hepojoki J , Hewson R , Hu Z , Hughes HR , Jonson MG , Junglen S , Klempa B , Klingstrom J , Kou C , Laenen L , Lambert AJ , Langevin SA , Liu D , Lukashevich IS , Luo T , Lu C , Maes P , de Souza WM , Marklewitz M , Martelli GP , Matsuno K , Mielke-Ehret N , Minutolo M , Mirazimi A , Moming A , Muhlbach HP , Naidu R , Navarro B , Nunes MRT , Palacios G , Papa A , Pauvolid-Correa A , Paweska JT , Qiao J , Radoshitzky SR , Resende RO , Romanowski V , Sall AA , Salvato MS , Sasaya T , Shen S , Shi X , Shirako Y , Simmonds P , Sironi M , Song JW , Spengler JR , Stenglein MD , Su Z , Sun S , Tang S , Turina M , Wang B , Wang C , Wang H , Wang J , Wei T , Whitfield AE , Zerbini FM , Zhang J , Zhang L , Zhang Y , Zhang YZ , Zhang Y , Zhou X , Zhu L , Kuhn JH . Arch Virol 2019 164 (7) 1949-1965 In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Bunyavirales was amended by creation of two new families, four new subfamilies, 11 new genera and 77 new species, merging of two species, and deletion of one species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). |
New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature.
Kuhn JH , Adachi T , Adhikari NKJ , Arribas JR , Bah IE , Bausch DG , Bhadelia N , Borchert M , Brantsaeter AB , Brett-Major DM , Burgess TH , Chertow DS , Chute CG , Cieslak TJ , Colebunders R , Crozier I , Davey RT , de Clerck H , Delgado R , Evans L , Fallah M , Fischer WA 2nd , Fletcher TE , Fowler RA , Grunewald T , Hall A , Hewlett A , Hoepelman AIM , Houlihan CF , Ippolito G , Jacob ST , Jacobs M , Jakob R , Jacquerioz FA , Kaiser L , Kalil AC , Kamara RF , Kapetshi J , Klenk HD , Kobinger G , Kortepeter MG , Kraft CS , Kratz T , Bosa HSK , Lado M , Lamontagne F , Lane HC , Lobel L , Lutwama J , Lyon GM 3rd , Massaquoi MBF , Massaquoi TA , Mehta AK , Makuma VM , Murthy S , Musoke TS , Muyembe-Tamfum JJ , Nakyeyune P , Nanclares C , Nanyunja M , Nsio-Mbeta J , O'Dempsey T , Paweska JT , Peters CJ , Piot P , Rapp C , Renaud B , Ribner B , Sabeti PC , Schieffelin JS , Slenczka W , Soka MJ , Sprecher A , Strong J , Swanepoel R , Uyeki TM , van Herp M , Vetter P , Wohl DA , Wolf T , Wolz A , Wurie AH , Yoti Z . Nat Rev Microbiol 2019 17 (5) 261-263 The recent large outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Western Africa resulted in greatly increased accumulation of human genotypic, phenotypic and clinical data, and improved our understanding of the spectrum of clinical manifestations. As a result, the WHO disease classification of EVD underwent major revision. |
Taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales: update 2018.
Maes P , Alkhovsky SV , Bao Y , Beer M , Birkhead M , Briese T , Buchmeier MJ , Calisher CH , Charrel RN , Choi IR , Clegg CS , de la Torre JC , Delwart E , DeRisi JL , Di Bello PL , Di Serio F , Digiaro M , Dolja VV , Drosten C , Druciarek TZ , Du J , Ebihara H , Elbeaino T , Gergerich RC , Gillis AN , Gonzalez JJ , Haenni AL , Hepojoki J , Hetzel U , Ho T , Hong N , Jain RK , Jansen van Vuren P , Jin Q , Jonson MG , Junglen S , Keller KE , Kemp A , Kipar A , Kondov NO , Koonin EV , Kormelink R , Korzyukov Y , Krupovic M , Lambert AJ , Laney AG , LeBreton M , Lukashevich IS , Marklewitz M , Markotter W , Martelli GP , Martin RR , Mielke-Ehret N , Muhlbach HP , Navarro B , Ng TFF , Nunes MRT , Palacios G , Paweska JT , Peters CJ , Plyusnin A , Radoshitzky SR , Romanowski V , Salmenpera P , Salvato MS , Sanfacon H , Sasaya T , Schmaljohn C , Schneider BS , Shirako Y , Siddell S , Sironen TA , Stenglein MD , Storm N , Sudini H , Tesh RB , Tzanetakis IE , Uppala M , Vapalahti O , Vasilakis N , Walker PJ , Wang G , Wang L , Wang Y , Wei T , Wiley MR , Wolf YI , Wolfe ND , Wu Z , Xu W , Yang L , Yang Z , Yeh SD , Zhang YZ , Zheng Y , Zhou X , Zhu C , Zirkel F , Kuhn JH . Arch Virol 2018 163 (8) 2295-2310 In 2018, the family Arenaviridae was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 5 novel species. At the same time, the recently established order Bunyavirales was expanded by 3 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future. |
Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2018.
Amarasinghe GK , Arechiga Ceballos NG , Banyard AC , Basler CF , Bavari S , Bennett AJ , Blasdell KR , Briese T , Bukreyev A , Cai Y , Calisher CH , Campos Lawson C , Chandran K , Chapman CA , Chiu CY , Choi KS , Collins PL , Dietzgen RG , Dolja VV , Dolnik O , Domier LL , Durrwald R , Dye JM , Easton AJ , Ebihara H , Echevarria JE , Fooks AR , Formenty PBH , Fouchier RAM , Freuling CM , Ghedin E , Goldberg TL , Hewson R , Horie M , Hyndman TH , Jiang D , Kityo R , Kobinger GP , Kondo H , Koonin EV , Krupovic M , Kurath G , Lamb RA , Lee B , Leroy EM , Maes P , Maisner A , Marston DA , Mor SK , Muller T , Muhlberger E , Ramirez VMN , Netesov SV , Ng TFF , Nowotny N , Palacios G , Patterson JL , Paweska JT , Payne SL , Prieto K , Rima BK , Rota P , Rubbenstroth D , Schwemmle M , Siddell S , Smither SJ , Song Q , Song T , Stenglein MD , Stone DM , Takada A , Tesh RB , Thomazelli LM , Tomonaga K , Tordo N , Towner JS , Vasilakis N , Vazquez-Moron S , Verdugo C , Volchkov VE , Wahl V , Walker PJ , Wang D , Wang LF , Wellehan JFX , Wiley MR , Whitfield AE , Wolf YI , Ye G , Zhang YZ , Kuhn JH . Arch Virol 2018 163 (8) 2283-2294 In 2018, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 12 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future. |
Implementation of Objective PASC-Derived Taxon Demarcation Criteria for Official Classification of Filoviruses.
Bao Y , Amarasinghe GK , Basler CF , Bavari S , Bukreyev A , Chandran K , Dolnik O , Dye JM , Ebihara H , Formenty P , Hewson R , Kobinger GP , Leroy EM , Muhlberger E , Netesov SV , Patterson JL , Paweska JT , Smither SJ , Takada A , Towner JS , Volchkov VE , Wahl-Jensen V , Kuhn JH . Viruses 2017 9 (5) The mononegaviral family Filoviridae has eight members assigned to three genera and seven species. Until now, genus and species demarcation were based on arbitrarily chosen filovirus genome sequence divergence values ( approximately 50% for genera, approximately 30% for species) and arbitrarily chosen phenotypic virus or virion characteristics. Here we report filovirus genome sequence-based taxon demarcation criteria using the publicly accessible PAirwise Sequencing Comparison (PASC) tool of the US National Center for Biotechnology Information (Bethesda, MD, USA). Comparison of all available filovirus genomes in GenBank using PASC revealed optimal genus demarcation at the 55-58% sequence diversity threshold range for genera and at the 23-36% sequence diversity threshold range for species. Because these thresholds do not change the current official filovirus classification, these values are now implemented as filovirus taxon demarcation criteria that may solely be used for filovirus classification in case additional data are absent. A near-complete, coding-complete, or complete filovirus genome sequence will now be required to allow official classification of any novel "filovirus." Classification of filoviruses into existing taxa or determining the need for novel taxa is now straightforward and could even become automated using a presented algorithm/flowchart rooted in RefSeq (type) sequences. |
Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017.
Amarasinghe GK , Bao Y , Basler CF , Bavari S , Beer M , Bejerman N , Blasdell KR , Bochnowski A , Briese T , Bukreyev A , Calisher CH , Chandran K , Collins PL , Dietzgen RG , Dolnik O , Durrwald R , Dye JM , Easton AJ , Ebihara H , Fang Q , Formenty P , Fouchier RA , Ghedin E , Harding RM , Hewson R , Higgins CM , Hong J , Horie M , James AP , Jiang D , Kobinger GP , Kondo H , Kurath G , Lamb RA , Lee B , Leroy EM , Li M , Maisner A , Muhlberger E , Netesov SV , Nowotny N , Patterson JL , Payne SL , Paweska JT , Pearson MN , Randall RE , Revill PA , Rima BK , Rota P , Rubbenstroth D , Schwemmle M , Smither SJ , Song Q , Stone DM , Takada A , Terregino C , Tesh RB , Tomonaga K , Tordo N , Towner JS , Vasilakis N , Volchkov VE , Wahl-Jensen V , Walker PJ , Wang B , Wang D , Wang F , Wang LF , Werren JH , Whitfield AE , Yan Z , Ye G , Kuhn JH . Arch Virol 2017 162 (8) 2493-2504 In 2017, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by the inclusion of a total of 69 novel species. Five new rhabdovirus genera and one new nyamivirus genus were established to harbor 41 of these species, whereas the remaining new species were assigned to already established genera. Furthermore, non-Latinized binomial species names replaced all paramyxovirus and pneumovirus species names, thereby accomplishing application of binomial species names throughout the entire order. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). |
Evidence-based decision-making for vaccine introductions: overview of the ProVac International Working Group's experience
Jauregui B , Garcia AG , Bess Janusz C , Blau J , Munier A , Atherly D , Mvundura M , Hajjeh R , Lopman B , Clark AD , Baxter L , Hutubessy R , de Quadros C , Andrus JK . Vaccine 2015 33 Suppl 1 A28-33 INTRODUCTION: Pan American Health Organization's (PAHO) ProVac Initiative aims to strengthen countries' technical capacity to make evidence-based immunization policy. With financial support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PAHO established the ProVac International Working Group (IWG), a platform created for two years to transfer the ProVac Initiative's tools and methods to support decisions in non-PAHO regions. METHODS: In 2011, WHO Regional Offices and partner agencies established the IWG to transfer the ProVac framework for new vaccine decision support, including tools and trainings to other regions of the world. During the two year period, PAHO served as the coordinating secretariat and partner agencies played implementing or advisory roles. RESULTS: Fifty nine national professionals from 17 countries received training on the use of economic evaluations to aid vaccine policy making through regional workshops. The IWG provided direct technical support to nine countries to develop cost-effectiveness analyses to inform decisions. All nine countries introduced the new vaccine evaluated or their NITAGs have made a recommendation to the Ministry of Health to introduce the new vaccine. DISCUSSION: Developing countries around the world are increasingly interested in weighing the potential health impact due to new vaccine introduction against the investments required. During the two years, the ProVac approach proved valuable and timely to aid the national decision making processes, even despite the different challenges and idiosyncrasies encountered in each region. The results of this work suggest that: (1) there is great need and demand for technical support and for capacity building around economic evaluations; and (2) the ProVac method of supporting country-owned analyses is as effective in other regions as it has been in the PAHO region. CONCLUSION: Decision support for new vaccine introduction in low- and middle-income countries is critical to guiding the efficient use of resources and prioritizing high impact vaccination programs. |
Filovirus RefSeq entries: evaluation and selection of filovirus type variants, type sequences, and names.
Kuhn JH , Andersen KG , Bao Y , Bavari S , Becker S , Bennett RS , Bergman NH , Blinkova O , Bradfute S , Brister JR , Bukreyev A , Chandran K , Chepurnov AA , Davey RA , Dietzgen RG , Doggett NA , Dolnik O , Dye JM , Enterlein S , Fenimore PW , Formenty P , Freiberg AN , Garry RF , Garza NL , Gire SK , Gonzalez JP , Griffiths A , Happi CT , Hensley LE , Herbert AS , Hevey MC , Hoenen T , Honko AN , Ignatyev GM , Jahrling PB , Johnson JC , Johnson KM , Kindrachuk J , Klenk HD , Kobinger G , Kochel TJ , Lackemeyer MG , Leroy EM , Lever MS , Muhlberger E , Netesov SV , Olinger GG , Omilabu SA , Palacios G , Panchal RG , Park DJ , Patterson JL , Paweska JT , Peters CJ , Pettitt J , Pitt L , Radoshitzky SR , Ryabchikova EI , Saphire EO , Sabeti PC , Sealfon R , Smither SJ , Sullivan NJ , Swanepoel R , Takada A , Towner JS , van der Groen G , Volchkov VE , Volchkova VA , Wahl-Jensen V , Warren TK , Warfield KL , Weidmann M , Nichol ST . Viruses 2014 6 (9) 3663-82 Sequence determination of complete or coding-complete genomes of viruses is becoming common practice for supporting the work of epidemiologists, ecologists, virologists, and taxonomists. Sequencing duration and costs are rapidly decreasing, sequencing hardware is under modification for use by non-experts, and software is constantly being improved to simplify sequence data management and analysis. Thus, analysis of virus disease outbreaks on the molecular level is now feasible, including characterization of the evolution of individual virus populations in single patients over time. The increasing accumulation of sequencing data creates a management problem for the curators of commonly used sequence databases and an entry retrieval problem for end users. Therefore, utilizing the data to their fullest potential will require setting nomenclature and annotation standards for virus isolates and associated genomic sequences. The National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI's) RefSeq is a non-redundant, curated database for reference (or type) nucleotide sequence records that supplies source data to numerous other databases. Building on recently proposed templates for filovirus variant naming [<virus name> (<strain>)/<isolation host-suffix>/<country of sampling>/<year of sampling>/<genetic variant designation>-<isolate designation>], we report consensus decisions from a majority of past and currently active filovirus experts on the eight filovirus type variants and isolates to be represented in RefSeq, their final designations, and their associated sequences. |
Yellow fever risk assessment in the Central African Republic
Staples JE , Diallo M , Janusz KB , Manengu C , Perea W , Yactayo S , Sall AS . Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014 108 (10) 608-15 BACKGROUND: Starting in 2008, the Central African Republic (CAR) experienced an unprecedented number of reported yellow fever (YF) cases. A risk assessment of YF virus (YFV) activity was conducted to estimate potential disease risk and vaccine needs. METHODS: A multistage cluster sampling design was used to sample humans, non-human primates, and mosquitoes in distinct ecologic zones. Humans and non-human primates were tested for YFV-specific antibodies; mosquitoes were tested for YFV RNA. RESULTS: Overall, 13.3% (125/938) of humans were found to have naturally-acquired YFV antibodies. Antibody levels were higher in zones in the southern and south central regions of CAR. All sampled non-human primates (n=56) were known YFV reservoirs; one tested positive for YFV antibodies. Several known YF vectors were identified including Aedes africanus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. luteocephalus, and Ae. simpsoni. Several more urban locations were found to have elevated Breateau and Container indices for Ae. aegypti. CONCLUSIONS: A country-wide assessment of YF risk found YFV to be endemic in CAR. The potential for future YF cases and outbreaks, however, varied by ecologic zone. Improved vaccination coverage through mass campaign and childhood immunization was recommended to mitigate the YF risk. |
TRIVAC decision-support model for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination
Clark A , Jauregui B , Griffiths U , Janusz CB , Bolanos-Sierra B , Hajjeh R , Andrus JK , Sanderson C . Vaccine 2013 31 Suppl 3 C19-29 The TRIVAC decision support model has been used widely in Latin America and other regions to help national teams evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and rotavirus vaccine (RV). We describe the structure and functioning of this model, and identify the parameters with the greatest influence on the results. The TRIVAC model is a spreadsheet software program that calculates incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and other indicators for three childhood vaccines (Hib, PCV and RV) utilising parameters such as demography, disease burden, vaccine costs, vaccine coverage, vaccine efficacy, health service utilisation and costs. There is a good deal of uncertainty about the local values of many of the parameters that have most influence on the cost-effectiveness of these new vaccines. Cost-effectiveness models can be used to explore the implications of different values of these parameters. However, for such models to be seen as relevant and helpful by decision-makers, they need to be transparent, flexible, easy to use, and embedded in a process which is owned and led by national teams. In this paper the key drivers of cost-effectiveness in the model are identified by one-way sensitivity analyses, run for each vaccine in 147 countries. The data used are mainly from standard international sources and the published literature. The primary indicator was the discounted cost per Disability Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) averted, from a government perspective, over a 20-year period (2013-2032). For all three vaccines, the ICER was most sensitive to changes in relative coverage (the coverage of the children who would have become diseased or, more importantly, died if the population had not been vaccinated, as a % of overall national coverage) and the herd effect multiplier. Other influential parameters for all three vaccines were: the incidence and case fatality of disease, the baseline trend in disease mortality in the absence of vaccination, vaccine efficacy, vaccine price and the % decline in vaccine price per year. Important vaccine-specific parameters included the cost of Hib meningitis sequelae, PCV serotype coverage and the rotavirus gastro-enteritis (RVGE) admission rate. While vaccine efficacy, herd effects, disease mortality and vaccine price are commonly cited as important drivers of cost-effectiveness, this analysis highlights the potentially important influence of relative coverage, a parameter rarely considered in models of vaccine impact and cost-effectiveness. |
Estimation of the impact of a Japanese encephalitis immunization program with live, attenuated SA 14-14-2 vaccine in Nepal
Upreti SR , Janusz K , Schluter WW , Bichha RP , Shakya G , Biggerstaff BJ , Shrestha MM , Sedai TR , Fischer M , Gibbons RV , Shrestha S , Hills SL . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013 88 (3) 464-8 Wider availability of the live, attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine has facilitated introduction or expansion of immunization programs in many countries. However, information on their impact is limited. In 2006, Nepal launched a JE immunization program, and by 2009, mass campaigns had been implemented in 23 districts. To describe the impact, we analyzed surveillance data from 2004 to 2009 on laboratory-confirmed JE and clinical acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases. The post-campaign JE incidence rate of 1.3 per 100,000 population was 72% lower than expected if no campaigns had occurred, and an estimated 891 JE cases were prevented. In addition, AES incidence was 58% lower, with an estimated 2,787 AES cases prevented, suggesting that three times as many disease cases may have been prevented than indicated by the laboratory-confirmed JE cases alone. These results provide useful information on preventable JE disease burden and the potential value of JE immunization programs. |
Influenza-like illness in a community surrounding a school-based outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus - Chicago, Illinois, 2009
Janusz KB , Cortes JE , Serdarevic F , Jones RC , Jones JD , Ritger KA , Morita JY , Gerber SI , Gallagher L , Biggerstaff BJ , Hicks LA , Swerdlow DL , Fischer M , Staples JE . Clin Infect Dis 2011 52 S94-S101 In April 2009, following the first school closure due to 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) in Chicago, Illinois, area hospitals were inundated with patients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI). The extent of disease spread into the surrounding community was unclear. We performed a household survey to estimate the ILI attack rate among community residents and compared reported ILI with confirmed pH1N1 cases and ILI surveillance data (ie, hospital ILI visits, influenza testing, and school absenteeism). The estimated ILI attack rate was 4.6% (95% confidence interval, 2.8%-7.4%), with cases distributed throughout the 5-week study period. In contrast, 36 (84%) of 43 confirmed pH1N1 cases were identified the week of the school closure. Trends in surveillance data peaked during the same week and rapidly decreased to near baseline. Public awareness and health care practices impact standard ILI surveillance data. Community-based surveys are a valuable tool to help assess the burden of ILI in a community. |
Laboratory testing practices for West Nile virus in the United States
Janusz KB , Lehman JA , Panella AJ , Fischer M , Staples E . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010 11 (5) 597-9 We surveyed state public health and commercial diagnostic reference laboratories regarding current testing practices for West Nile virus (WNV). The majority of WNV testing is now performed in commercial diagnostic reference laboratories using commercially available Food and Drug Administration-cleared kits labeled for the presumptive diagnosis of WNV. However, only 25% of surveyed state public health or commercial diagnostic reference laboratories currently have the capacity to perform the recommended confirmatory testing. These findings indicate the need for both manufacturers and laboratories to monitor the performance of these WNV test kits. Further, clinicians should be aware of the limitations of these kits and the need for additional testing to confirm a diagnosis of WNV disease. |
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